The Lost Civilization of Atlantis is Ireland
A 2004 book investigating the myth of Atlantis said that the mythical island was almost certainly the island of Ireland. The claim was made by Swedish geologist Dr. Ulf Erlingsson3 in his book Atlantis from a Geographer’s Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land. According to Erlingsson:4 This book is an attempt at permanently settling the question of whether the geographic description of Atlantis was based on a real place. The answer is a resounding yes. Beyond reasonable doubt, Plato based the geographic description on Ireland. Erlingsson bases his evidence on Plato's description of Atlantis, which matches Ireland almost perfectly. Statistically, the scientist claims, the probability is over 99.98% that Plato was describing Ireland. Erlingsson writes: Just like Atlantis, Ireland is 3,000 stadia long, 2,000 stadia wide, and widest over the middle. They both feature a central plain that is open to the sea, but fringed by mountains. No other island on earth even comes close to this description.
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1 Homer, The Iliad, Book XIV, line 201, Queen Hera said: “I'm going to visit the limits of this all-nourishing earth,to see Oceanus, from whom the gods arose . . . .” http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Texts/Iliad/iliad14.htmNicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636-1711) wrote: “All the gods are sprung from the brains of the bards.” – quoted in “The Science of Religions,” The Anthropological Review, No. IX, May, 1865. Ulf Erlingsson has a Ph.D. in Physical Geography from Uppsala University. His specialty is geological processes, under-water research, and natural disasters. Ulf Erlingsson, Atlantis from a Geographer’s Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land, p.11.
The Geodetic Measure of Ireland
According to Plato’s dialogue Critias, the island of Atlantis was “of an oblong shape, extending in one direction three thousand stadia, but across the centre inland it was two thousand stadia.”5 As you can see on the right6, Ireland is approximately an oblong shape, with width of 2,038 stadia and a height of 2,932 stadia. Plato states that Atlantis had mountains on three sides of the island, but the fourth side opened to a wide and fertile plain, which describes Ireland with uncanny accuracy. Plato further states the capital of Atlantis was located eis to kheniron tou nesou---“in the middle of the island"—a description that matches the ancient Irish capital of Tara perfectly. Plato was the first person to claim that the builders of the Egyptian pyramids came from Atlantis.
In his book, Dr. Erlingsson demonstrates that the Atlantic Empire can probably be associated with the megalithic monuments of Europe and Northern Africa. Their geographic distribution matches the extent of the Atlantic Empire as Plato described it. The Atlantean capital can be connected withTara, the legendary seat of the high king of Ireland. The temples of Poseidon and the ancestors match up well with the so-called passage tombs of Newgrange and Knowth, in the Boyne valley, which are the oldest roofed buildings anywhere in the world. According to Erlingsson, “The island Atlantis is Ireland, and the Atlantic Empire created the megalith culture.”7
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Ulf Erlingsson, Atlantis from a Geographer’s Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land, p.16.
7 Ulf Erlingsson, Atlantis from a Geographer’s Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land, p.10.
According to Erlingsson, a four-feet granite stone basin in the eastern passage of Knowth may be engraved with a map of the city of Atlantis, as described by Plato. The three concentric circles match the three concentric lakes of Atlantis. A copy of the stone is displayed in the Boyne Valley visitor center. Concentric circles are a common topographical feature of Ireland, not least around the ancient seat of the High Kings at Tara.
Ptolemy’s 140 AD Map of Ireland
Ptolemy’s 140 AD map of “Hibernia” may document that Ireland was once the home of the supreme king—“exactly what Irish mythology claims that Tara was.”
"The land belongs to the Storm God alone!”
According to Dr. Erlingsson, Ptolemy’s 140 AD map of “Hibernia” may document that Ireland was once the home of the supreme king—“exactly what Irish mythology claims that Tara was.” To wit:8 We can get inspiration from another continent, from the Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia about 3,500 years ago. I quote from a clay tablet with cuneiform script inthe Hittite language:
"The land belongs to the Storm God alone! Heaven, earth and the people belong to the Storm God alone! He has made Labarna, the king, his administrator and given all of Hatti to him. Labarna will continue to administer all of this land with his hand. May the Storm God destroy whomever may approach Labarna's person, [unreadable], and the borders." --- IBoT 1.30:2-8
It has been concluded that Labarna was the first king, but judging from the quote, Labarna could alternatively be the supreme king. Compare with the city on Hibernia, "Laberus". An unstressed syllable "-er- in Indo-European, was changed to -ar- in Germanic languages. Perhaps the same applies for the Hittite language,especially considering that those two language branches have been said to be close to one another. If so, then the town Laberus literally might be "Laberna'stown", meaning the town of the supreme king--exactly what Irish mythology claims that Tara was.
According to Plato’s Critias, in ancient times, the Earth was divided among the gods of Atlantis by allotment, and the gods guided the rest of mankind not by force, but “by the rudder of persuasion”:9
In the days of old, the gods had the whole earth distributed among them by allotment. There was no quarrelling; [the gods guided the human race] . . .as shepherds tend their flocks, excepting only that they did not use blows or bodily force, as shepherds do, but governed us like pilots from the stern of the vessel . . . holding our souls by the rudder of persuasion . . . thus did they guide all mortal creatures.
Plato goes on to describe the origins of Atlantis. Plato said that Atlantis was allotted to Poseidon, who fell in love with a mortal girl named Clito. She bore him a number of children, the first of whom was Atlas, who inherited the kingdom and passed it onto his firstborn for many generations. Critias then goes into a great deal of detail in describing the island of Atlantis and then reiterates the remarkable virtue of the Atlanteans, saying:10
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8 Ulf Erlingsson, Atlantis from a Geographer’s Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land, p.58.
9 http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/critias.html
10 http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/critias.html
For many generations, as long as the divine nature lasted in them, they were obedient to the laws, and well-affectioned towards the god, whose seed they were; for they possessed true and in every way great spirits, uniting gentleness with
wisdom in the various chances of life, and in their intercourse with one another. They despised everything but virtue, caring little for their present state of life, and thinking lightly of the possession of gold and other property, which seemed only aburden to them; neither were they intoxicated by luxury; nor did wealth deprive them of their self-control; but they were sober, and saw clearly that all these goods are increased by virtue and friendship with one another, whereas by too great regard and respect for them, they are lost and friendship with them. However, according to Plato, the Atlanteans became corrupt:11
"...when the divine portion began to fade away, and became diluted too often and
too much with the mortal admixture, and the human nature got the upper hand,
they then, being unable to bear their fortune, behaved unseemly, and to him who
had an eye to see grew visibly debased, for they were losing the fairest of their
precious gifts; but to those who had no eye to see the true happiness, they
appeared glorious and blessed at the very time when they were full of avarice and
unrighteous power.
Plato’s Critias then says that Zeus--the god of gods--was determined to punish the Atlanteans because of their corruption:
Zeus, the god of gods, who rules according to law, and is able to see into such
things, perceiving that an honourable race was in a woeful plight, and wanting to
inflict punishment on them, that they might be chastened and improve, collected
all the gods into their most holy habitation, which, being placed in the centre of
the world, beholds all created things. And when he had called them together, he
spake as follows . . . .
Zeus began to speak, but unfortunately, the rest of the Dialogue of Critias has been lost.
Laberus – the Roaring Red Lion
The Greek cartographer Ptolemy’s map of Ireland is the oldest known to exist. Charted around140 AD, Ptolemy places the town of “Laberus” where Tara should be. Who or what is“Laberus”, and what is Laberus doing where Tara is supposed to be? In the Bible, the lion is the symbol of the tribe of Judah and the Maccabee Brothers. “Behold thelion that is of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, hath conquered to open the book, and to loosethe seven seals thereof.” -- Revelation 5:5. The Old Testament uses six different words for“lion” and one of them is Labi, from a root meaning "to roar," a grown lion or lioness
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Accordingly, the word “Laberus” may beparsed as follows:
• Labi = roaring lion
• Rus = red
• Labi + rus = Laberus = the Roaring Red Lion
The national flag of Scotland is the oldest in the world, and it features a roaring red lion--just like the roaring red lion of Laberus on Ptolemy's 140 AD map. The Great Sphinx of Egypt (which is half-man and half-lion) still carries traces of the red paint which used to cover the entire Sphinx back in ancient times. According to Moses, the Lost Tribe of Dan is a “lion’s whelp”—a roaring red lion.
In the Old Testament, God is described as a roaring lion: “They shall walk after the LORD: he shall roar like a lion: when he shall roar, then the children shall tremble from the west.” – Hosea 11:10
Plutarch’s “Islands of the Blessed”
According to the Greek historian Plutarch (c. 46 - 120 AD), the Islands of the Blessed or the Fortunate Islands were “Atlantic islands, two in number, divided from one another only by a narrow channel, and distant from the coast of Africa ten thousand furlongs. These are called the Islands of the Blest . . . .”13 10,000 furlongs translates to 1,250 miles. The flying distance from Gibraltar to Dublin is 1,188 miles, but of course, if you were sailing from Gibraltar to the British Islands, Plutarch’s measurement is virtually flawless.
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12 No fewer than at least six different words are used in the Old Testament for the lion. (1.) Gor (i.e., a "suckling"), the lion's whelp (Gen. 49:9; Jer. 51:38, etc.). (2.) Kephir (i.e., "shaggy"), the young lion (Judg. 14:5; Job 4:10; Ps. 91:13; 104:21), a term which is also used figuratively of cruel enemies (Ps. 34:10; 35:17; 58:6; Jer. 2:15). (3.) 'Ari (i.e., the "puller" in pieces), denoting the lion in general, without reference to age or sex (Num. 23:24; 2 Sam. 17:10,etc.). (4.) Shahal (the "roarer"), the mature lion (Job 4:10; Ps. 91:13; Prov. 26:13; Hos. 5:14). (5.) Laish, so called from its strength and bravery (Job 4:11; Prov. 30:30; Isa. 30:6). The capital of Northern Dan received its name from this word. (6.) Labi, from a root meaning "to roar," a grown lion or lioness (Gen. 49:9; Num. 23:24; 24:9; Ezek.19:2; Nah. 2:11). http://biblestudy.churches.net/CCEL/E/EASTON/EBD/EBD/T0002300.HTM
13 http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/sertoriu.html
Twenty-four (24) Ancient Narrative Sources that Describe Atlantis
Cedric Leonard of the University of Oklahoma has compiled a list of 24 ancient narrative sources that describe Atlantis (below).14 Although language is variable and changing over time, the homophonic similarity of the various names for Atlantis are noteworthy. For example, according to Philo, the island mentioned by Plato was called Atalantes. Herodotus called the Atlanteans the Atlantes, and Diodorus called the Atlanteans the Atlantoi. Similarly, the Aletae of Sanchuniathon were called the Auritae by Manetho. The Berbers of North Africa had a placenames called Attala, while the Sanskrit writings speak of an island in the Atlantic called Atala. Additionally, in the Americas, place-names for Atlantis include Atlan (Isthmus of Panama), Aztlan (Toltec mythology), Atitlan (Guatemala), and Aztalan (Wisconsin).
| Date | Author | Source | Description
|
c. 4000
B.C. | Egyptian | Book of the Dead
| King Thoth ruled an Island in the West which was
destroyed by water, and brought the surviving
rulers eastward to Egypt
|
c. 2500
B.C.
| Palermo Stone | Royal Canon |
Lists the last eight of the ten god-kings, including
Cronos (Seb), Osiris, Set and possibly Thoth.
|
c. 2000
B.C.
| Vishnu | Purana
| Locates Atala, the White Island, in the "Western
Ocean" at same latitude as Canary Islands in the
Atlantic.
|
1300
B.C.
| Turin Papyrus | King-List
| Lists the ten god-kings whose reign over a foreign
country ended 9850 B.C., followed by the reign of
the demi-gods
|
1190
B.C.
| Sanchuniathon
| Phoenician
History
| Calls ancient god-kings of former times the
"Aletean kings". Gives Phoenician legends of
Thoth, Cronos, Atlas and Zeus |
800
B.C.
| Homer | Iliad
| Refers to the imprisonment of the Titan Cronos at
the "far end of the earth" beneath the "waters of the
restless sea."
|
735
B.C.
| Hesiod | Theogeny
| Tells us of the Titans who, after losing a ten-year
war, were imprisoned beneath the waters of the
Ocean in the far West. |
600 B.C.
| Mahabharata | Karna Parva
| Describes a ten-year war at the end of which the
island of Atala and all its inhabitants sank into the
"Western Ocean".
|
590
B.C.
| Solon
| Atlantica (lost) | Solon began his epic poem "Atlantica" based on the
story of Atlantis he had gotten from the priests at
Sais, Egypt.
|
450
B.C.
| Herodotus | Histories
| The ocean now called the Atlantic he calls "the
Atlantis Sea". He describes a tribe of "Atlanteans"
living in North Africa.
|
350
B.C.
| Plato | Timaeus/Critias
| Plato relates the now familiar story of Atlantis and
its final destruction by earthquakes, floods and
subsidance.
|
340
B.C.
| Bhavishya | Purana
| Mentions Atala, the "White Island" across a sea of
saltwater in the West, inhabited by Magas who
worship Surya, the Sun |
320
B.C.
| Theopompus | Meropis
| Priests of Phrygia tell him of a continent of great size in the far west inhabited by both peaceful and warlike people. |
300
B.C.
| Crantor | Com. on Timaeus
| Priests of Sais show Crantor the temple columns
from which Solon derived his knowledge of the
story of Atlantis |
250
B.C.
| Manetho | Old Chronicle
| Lists the ten god-kings, (which he called the
"Auritae") who, during the Reign of the Gods, ruled
a "foreign country". |
100
B.C.
| Aelian
| De Natura Animalium
| "Dwellers by the ocean" say the ancient kings of
Atlantis traced their descent back to the god
Poseidon.
|
c. 100
B.C.
| Marcellus | Ethiopic History
| Canary Islanders preserved traditions of Atlantis,
which they alleged had once governed all the islands in the Atlantic.
|
25 B.C.
| Strabo | Geography | Expressed the opinion that possibly Plato's story about the island of Atlantis was not a fiction.
|
8 B.C.
| Diodorus | Library of
History
| Describes a race of "Atlanteans" living in Libya (North Africa), whose deities originate in the
Atlantic.
|
10 A.D.
|
Philo Judaeus |
Incorruptibility |
The Island of Atalantes in Plato's Timaios was
overwhelmed by floods and earthquakes and
suddenly disappeared.
|
100
A.D.
| Plutarch | Orb of the Moon
| Claims that the Atlantic was shallow and
unnavigable because of the subsidance of the island
of Atlantis.
|
300
A.D.
| Arnobius | Adversus Gentes | Writes of the destruction of Atlantis as if it were an
accepted fact of history.
|
370
A.D.
| Marcellinus | Res Gestae
| On the disappearence of landmasses: "in the
Atlantic sea, off the coast of Europe, a large island
was swallowed up." |
470
A.D.
| Proclus
| Com. On
Timaeus
| Preserves Crantor's account (now lost) of his trip to
Sais, Egypt to see the temple records reported by Solon
|
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14 http://www.atlantisquest.com/Timeline.html
The Kings of Atlantis Were the gods of the Ancient World
• "According to the traditions of the Phoenicians, the Gardens of the Hesperides were in the remote west." Atlas—the king of Atlantis--lived in these gardens.15
• "The Elysian Fields (the happy islands) were commonly placed in the remote west. They were ruled over by Chronos."16 “The Elysian Fields was the final resting place for the souls of heroes and virtuous men. The ancients often distinguished between two such realms--the islands of the Blessed and the Lethean fields of Haides. The first of these, also known as the White Island or the Islands of the Blessed, was an afterlife realm reserved for the heroes of myth. It was an island paradise located in the far western streams of the river Okeanos, and ruled over by the Titan-King Kronos or Rhadamanthys, a son of Zeus.”17
• Tartarus, the region of Hades, the gloomy home of the dead, was also located "under the mountains of an island in the midst of the ocean in the remote west."18
• Atlas was described in Greek mythology as "an enormous giant, who stood upon the western confines of the earth, and supported the heavens on his shoulders, in a region of the west where the sun continued to shine after he had set upon Greece."19
• Greek tradition located the island in which Olympus was situated "in the far west," "in the ocean beyond Africa," "on the western boundary of the known world," "where the sun shone when it had ceased to shine on Greece," and where the mighty Atlas "held up the heavens."20
• Plato tells us that the land where Poseidon and Atlas ruled was Atlantis.21
• “The terms "Atala" and "White Island" are used also by the Bhavishya Purana (4th cent.BC). Here it is stated that Samba, having built a temple dedicated to Surya (the Sun),made a journey to Saka Dwipa [‘White Island’], located ‘beyond the salt water’ looking for the Magas (magicians), worshippers of the Sun. He is directed in his journey by Surya himself (i.e., journeys west following the Sun), riding upon Garuda (the flying vehicle of Krishna and Vishnu) he lands at last among the Magas.”22
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15 Murray's "Manual of Mythology," p. 258, quoted by Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis—the Antedeluvian World, p. 288.
16 Murray's "Manual of Mythology," p. 60, quoted by Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis—the Antedeluvian World, p. 288.
17 http://www.theoi.com/Kosmos/Elysion.html
18 Murray's "Manual of Mythology," p. 58, quoted by Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis—the Antedeluvian World, p. 288.
19 Murray's "Manual of Mythology," p. 60, quoted by Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis—the Antedeluvian World, p. 288.
20 Murray's "Manual of Mythology," p. 156, quoted by Ignatius Donnelly, Atlantis—the Antedeluvian World, p. 288.
21 Plato, Critias, http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/critias.html
22 Cedric Leonard, http://www.atlantisquest.com/Writings.html
Albion—the “White Island”--is the ancient name for Britain, and it is thought to derive from the white cliffs of Dover. It is also the basis of the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland, Alba. Hindu religious texts speak of a sacred “White Island” that was located in the Western Ocean. “The White Island” concept associated with Atlantis is also found in Greek mythology, Aztec Mexico, North Africa, and India.
• “The Mahabharata (circa. 600 B.C.) also refers to ‘Atala, the White Island’, which is
described as an ‘island of great splendour.’ It continues: ‘The men that inhabit that island have complexions as white as the rays of the Moon and they are devoted to Narayana . . .Indeed, the denizens of White Island believe and worship only one God.’ (Santi Parva, Section CCCXXXVII)”23
• “Sekhet-Aaru was the Egyptians’ realm of the dead, but also their ancestral homeland on an island in the Distant West, from which their forefathers arrived at the Nile Delta in the Zep Tepi, or ‘First Time,’ at the start of dynastic civilization.”24
• In ancient Egyptian cosmology, Amenti was the western abode of the dead where the
souls of the deceased are judged by Osiris and punished or rewarded for their deeds.25
• “On the other side of the world, the Aztecs believed their ancestors came from an island kingdom in the Distant East, called Aztlan. Both Sekhet-Aaru and Aztlan mean ‘Field of Reeds.’ To the Egyptians and the Aztecs alike, reeds, employed as writing utensils, were symbolic of literacy and wisdom, implying that Sekhet-Aaru/Aztlan was a place of extraordinary learning.”26
• “Albion is the ancient name for Britain, “The White Island,” derived from the twin brother of Atlas. Albion was said to have introduced the arts of shipbuilding and astrology, the leading material features of Atlantis. “The White Island” concept associated with Atlantis is also found in Aztec Mexico, North Africa, and India. The spiritual arts Albion brought to Britain were believed to have formed the basis for Druidism.”27
• Tir-nan-Og is the “Celtic ‘Island of Youth,’ a tradition adopted from pre-Celtic Irish inhabitants and associated with Atlantean invaders of Ireland, the Tuatha da Danann. Its philological correspondence to Homer’s Ogygia, the biblical Og, the Greeks’ Ogygian
Flood, and so on, are all transparent references to Atlantis—an identification supported by Tir-nan-Og’s eventual demise beneath the sea
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24 Frank Joseph, The Atlantis Encyclopedia, p. 246.
25 Micha F. Lindemans, “Amenti” http://www.pantheon.org/articles/a/amenti.html
26 Frank Joseph, The Atlantis Encyclopedia, p. 246.
27 Frank Joseph, The Atlantis Encyclopedia, p. 18.
The widespread association of ‘og’with an Atlantis-like catastrophe defines its impact on various peoples.”28 Like Ireland, mythical Tir-nan-Og is supposedly an island paradise in the far west.
• “The Welsh and ancient English pointed to the western ocean for their Earthly paradise, which they called Avalon.”29
• “The Babylonians placed their paradise in the western ocean and referred to it as Aralu.”30
• “The Celtic tribes of Spain and also the Basques preserve traditions of their homeland in the western ocean; and the original Gauls of France, especially those in the western sections, had the tradition that their ancestors came from the middle of the western ocean as the result of a catastrophe which destroyed their homeland.”31
The Island “Homeland of the Primeval Ones” & Ward Hill
According to the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Thoth (i.e., the Egyptian equivalent of Hermes and Mercury) said that an illustrious civilization was destroyed by a Great Deluge: “I am going to blot out everything which I have made. The Earth shall enter into the waters of the abyss of Nun [the sea-god] by means of a raging flood, and will become even as it was in the primeval time.”32
The outer walls of the Egyptian temple at Edfu speak of the Zep Tepi--the gods of the “First Time”--who came from "the Homeland of the Primeval Ones," an island that sank during a catastrophic flood.
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28 Frank Joseph, The Atlantis Encyclopedia, p. 270.
29 Charles Berlitz, Mystery of Atlantis, http://www.returntoatlantis.com/retc/blessed.html
30 Charles Berlitz, Mystery of Atlantis, http://www.returntoatlantis.com/retc/blessed.html
31 Charles Berlitz, Mystery of Atlantis, http://www.returntoatlantis.com/retc/blessed.html
32 Frank Joseph, The Atlantis Encyclopedia, p. 267, and http://alvidk.tripod.com/id28.html
Thoth’s description of the catastrophe is reiterated in the Edfu Texts, which indicated that the “Homeland of the Primeval Ones” was a great island that sank with most of its inhabitants during the Zep Tepi, or the “First Time.” We are told that the creation of the world began on this island, but the “mansions of the gods” were suddenly overwhelmed by a great flood. Led by Thoth, only the “Seven Sages” or “Builder gods” escaped the cataclysm and settled in the Nile Delta, where they created Egyptian civilization. So where was this island “Homeland of the Primeval Ones”?
In the Boyne Valley of Atlantis-Ireland, Ward Hill is also known as “Tlachta”, which means “the place of the First Time.” In the Nahuatl language:33
• “tla” = “the place of”34
• “achto” = “first time”
• Hence, Tla + achto = Tlachta = “the place of the First Time” = Ward Hill
Evidence that Ties the Druids to the Pharaohs & the Jubilee Year
Below, you will find some remarkable evidence that ties the Druids to the pharaohs of Egypt and the Jubilee Festival: Knight and Lomas “found it extremely interesting that Clayton said of the early jubilee or renewal ritual, that the early Egyptian kings at Abydos wore tightly fitting cloaks with a pattern of lozenges. This was a potential connection with the megalithic inscriptions which contain the lozenge as a key part of their design.”35 According to Joan Allgrove-McDowell:36 The earliest example [of a decorated Pharaonic garment] is the tiny ivory statuette of an unknown First-Dynasty king (c. 2920-2770 BC) from Abydos and now in the British Museum, wearing a short cloak, the garment associated with the Sed-festival, or King’s Jubilee and, in this case, lozenge-patterned.
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33 “Mary Lecron Foster has presented a telling body of technical linguistic evidence that underscores a possible relationship between the ancient Egyptian and the Mixe-Zoque languages of southern Mexico, which include the Mayan tongues and are thought to have derived from the still-unknown Olmec language. Quechua, an indigenous
language spoken to this day by the Indians of the Andes, is similar to the Mixe-Zoque languages and, according to Foster, contains additional words with Semitic roots, most likely from Arabic.” Robert M. Schoch, Voyages of the Pyramid Builders, p. 117.
34 Nahuatl has a series of postpositions. Among them are -tla(n), -pa(n), -ca(n), and -c(o), all ofwhich mean something like 'in', or 'at the place of'. Per http://www.sil.org/mexico/nahuatl/10i-NahuatlQuestions.htm
35 Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Uriel’s Machine, p. 297.
36 Joan Allgrove-McDowell, “Industries of the Near East and Europe in Prehistory—Ancient Egypt, 5000 – 332
BC” from “The Cambridge History of Western Textiles”, edited by David Jenkins, p. 36.
http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/41073/sample/9780521341073ws.pdf
Ivory statuette of an Egyptian king wearing a Jubilee robe, from the Temple of Osiris, Abydos, Egypt, Early Dynastic period (about 3000 BC). “The robe, decorated with a fine pattern of diamond shapes enclosed in double lines, is of a distinctive type worn by kings when celebrating the Sed or Jubilee Festival. This figurine may be evidence that this festival was celebrated right at the beginning of the historical period in Egypt.” -- E. H. Russamann, Masterworks of Eternal Egypt, University of California Press, 2001.37
In his book, Stars, Stones and Scholars—the Decipherment of the Megaliths, Andis Kaulins demonstrated that the same lozenge pattern on the Jubilee robe of the Egyptian pharaoh could be found on the breastplate of the High Druid at Stonehenge.38
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37http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/i/ivory_statuette_of_a_king_in_j.aspx
38 Andis Kaulins, Stars, Stones and Scholars—the Decipherment of the Megaliths, p. 134.
The Skara Brae motif (below), particularly the ‘spiral and lozenge’ motif found on the Skara Brae potsherds, appears on stones at Newgrange in Ireland and Barclodiad y Grawes in Anglesey, as well as locations on the Iberian Peninsula.39
The lozenge pattern found on the Jubilee cloak of the pharaoh and the Arch Druid at Stonehenge also appears on stones at Barclodiad y Grawes in Anglesey.
The lozenge pattern found on the Jubilee cloak of the pharaoh and the Arch Druid at Stonehenge also appears on stones at Newgrange in Ireland.
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39 Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Uriel’s Machine, p. 166-67.
Atlantis Was a Global, Maritime Empire Based in Ireland
According to Conor MacDari in his book, Irish Wisdom Preserved in the Bible and the Pyramids:40
There is no mistaking the monuments left by the Irish who were once the rulers and masters of the whole earth. Their rule embraced all countries - it was worldwide. Ireland was the first mistress of the seas; it was the first and only worldwide empire which has ever been known. For it was spiritual. It was greater in extent than Persian, Greek, Roman, or Mogul ever attained to. The remains of their works, wherever they are found, bear an unmistakable similarity in shape and character. They are huge, immense, and conceived and carried out on a plan so extensive that it awes the mind of the man of today. These remains extend from Ireland along the Atlantic coast of Europe to Africa, along the Mediterranean Sea to Egypt, India, China, Java, Tahiti, and the Caroline Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. On the American Continent we find the round tower near Newport, R. I., which bespeaks its Irish origin, and the great pyramidal mounds of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys; also the ruined temples of Yucatan and Mexico, and similar remains in South America are all evidences of their handiwork. All owe their origin to the same source, and they establish beyond any doubt that the Irish were the first real discoverers of America and that they established civilization on this western continent. It was tradition founded on that fact which gave hope and encouragement to later adventurers.
The Oldest Megalithic Architecture in the World is Located on or near the
British Islands
According to Anne Macaulay, the oldest megalithic architecture in the world is located on or near the British Islands:41 Before starting, something needs to be said about the historical background into which this research falls. The trail leads back into Britain at a very early period when the megalithic structures were being built (Stonehenge, etc.). With the new calibration of carbon dating, the age of these megalithic sites is now seen to be far older that had previously been thought. (See Chronological table below.) The consequence of this new dating is that it is now realized that the Western European megalithic culture could not have been derived from Eastern sources, as it predates anything comparable in the East by millennia; e.g., the first megalithic stone structures go back to 4700 B.C. and the stone setting at Callanish in the Hebrides to 3700 B.C.; the first use of stone in Egypt, at the time of Zoser, is after 2700 B.C. Incidentally, Imhotep, Zoser's architect, is thought by some to be an outsider who came from the West.
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40 Conor MacDari in his book, Irish Wisdom Preserved in the Bible and the Pyramids, p. 7. 41 Anne Macaulay, “Apollo: the Pythagorean Definition of God”, from Homage to Pythagoras edited by Christopher Bamford, 1982, p. 246.
This new historical sequence derived from carbon dating has invalidated the old well-known theory of the diffusion of culture from the East to the West. This has led to a renewed interest in British archeology, and many excavations are now being carried out in order to get material for dating. The results are gradually putting the dates further and further back, for example the unexpectedly early date recently procured for Callanish, 3700 B.C. The period of most activity, when well over a thousand rings were erected, was from c. 3200 to 1500 B.C., after which the use of large stones (megaliths) ceased; by c. 1400 B.C. Stonehenge was abandoned for some unknown reason. At much the same time some other megalithic sites were also abandoned, but at others there was continued occupation with developing pottery stiles, metal technology, etc., right on into the Iron Age and the coming of the Romans. This continuity is very important. All the traceable artifacts show an unbroken line of development through the mesolithic period into historical times; there were intrusions, e.g., the beaker peoples, but these are now seen as the spread of new cultural ideas rather than wholesale invasions as thought before.
Chronological Table
| Britain
| Greek World | Egypt |
| 4700 BC | French megalithic sites
|
|
|
4500
| British megaliths |
|
|
| 3700 | Callanish |
|
|
3200
|
|
| The First Dynasty |
3100
| Newgrange |
|
|
2800
| Maes Howe |
|
|
| First stage of Stonehenge
|
|
|
| 2700 |
|
| First use of stone in
building
|
1800
|
| New palaces in Crete
|
|
| 1700 |
| First Apollo seal |
|
| 1450 |
| Second Apollo seal
|
|
|
| Eruption of Thera
|
|
|
| First evidence of cithara
|
|
1400 Stonehenge abandoned
|
|
|
|
Appearance of the alphabet in the Eastern Mediterranean
1350
|
|
| Moses, Akhenaton |
1200
|
| Troy |
|
| 1150 |
| Collapse of the palace
system
|
|
800
|
| Colonization in Asia
Minor and Italy |
|
|
| Homer
|
|
600
|
| Founding of Marseilles |
|
6th Century,
BC
| Hecataeus visits
Hyperborea
| Pythagoras
|
|
AD
| Romans break continuity
in England |
|
|
400 AD
| Celtic Church in Ireland |
|
|
| 600 | Celtic missions into
Europe
|
|
|
